Anthropogenic threats to river dolphins Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis in the Ecuadorian Amazon 2015-2025

Authors

Victor M. UTRERAS BUCHELI

Additional Authors

Natalia VALAREZO PEÑA, Jessica J. PACHECO ESQUIVEL, Santiago B. VARELA LARGO, Diego F. NARANJO CRUZ, Hugo V. TRÁVEZ BORJA

Year

2026

Country / Region

Ecuador

Document Type

Peer-reviewed journal article

Species

Amazon river dolphin, Tucuxi, Amazon river dolphin and Tucuxi

Conservation Measure

Multiple conservation measures

Abstract

This study identifies and characterizes direct and indirect threats affecting Inia geoffrensis and
Sotalia fluviatilis populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon (2015–2025). Information was obtained
through field expeditions, technical records, interviews with local fishers and community leaders,
review of legal proceedings, and monitoring of illegal trade. A total of 50 mortality events
were recorded, mainly associated with direct hunting and incidental bycatch. In addition, we
documented threats linked to inadequate tourism practices, habitat degradation, and extreme
climatic events. Findings reveal persistent anthropogenic pressures that increase the risk of
local extinction and highlight the need to strengthen governance, enforcement, and community based
conservation strategies.